Calcium and vitamin D supplements have long been recommended to help older adults keep their bones strong and lower the risk of fractures. But a large new study suggests these supplements might not offer as much protection as many people think.
Researchers analysed data from 69 clinical trials involving almost 154,000 adults to determine whether calcium, vitamin D, or both could reduce the risk of falls and bone fractures. They found that for most healthy older adults, taking these supplements regularly does not provide much benefit in preventing fractures or falls.
The study, published in The BMJ, questions the long-standing advice to give these supplements to all seniors without looking at their specific health needs.
Why Bone Health Matters
As people get older, their bones naturally lose density, which makes them more fragile and raises the risk of fractures. Women, especially after menopause, often lose bone faster because of changes in hormones.
To keep bones healthy, healthcare professionals still recommend several lifestyle habits, such as:
- Eating a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D and protein.
- Engaging in regular weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises.
- Avoiding smoking.
- Limiting alcohol consumption.
- Maintaining a healthy body weight.
These habits are important whether or not you take supplements.
What the Study Found
After looking at many clinical studies, researchers found that regularly taking calcium and vitamin D did not lower the risk of fractures or falls in most healthy older adults compared to taking a placebo or nothing at all.
The researchers also looked at age, sex, past fractures, history of falls, and how much calcium people got from their diet. Even after considering these factors, the results stayed the same.
Supplements Still Have an Important Role
The researchers stressed that these results do not apply to everyone.
People who have osteoporosis, certain bone diseases, or proven calcium or vitamin D deficiencies may still need supplements as part of a treatment plan supervised by a doctor. In these situations, supplements can help improve treatment results and support bone health.
Because of this, experts recommend talking to a healthcare professional before starting or stopping any supplements.
Focus on Overall Bone Health
Instead of depending only on supplements, keeping bones strong means eating well, staying active, and following healthy habits. Foods that are naturally high in calcium and vitamin D, along with safe sunlight exposure, are still important sources of these nutrients.
Many people take vitamin D and calcium supplements without knowing if they really have a deficiency. Health experts usually say that supplements should be based on your medical condition, diet, and, if needed, lab tests. Personalized treatment is often better than giving supplements to everyone.
